 |
Phyto Botanical Hair Care
Products From France
|
 |
Click To: Return to the Lily's Home
Page
Phyto Botanical Hair Care
products are formulated
with carefully selected plant
extracts to treat hair of any type or condition.
Developed in 1969 by Patrick Ales, the family-owned
laboratory
carefully selects the plants with the most beneficial properties
to
create this fantastically effective hair care line.
Considered at the forefront of plant-derived hair care,
Phyto
offers innovative hair care products with clinically
proven
results.
Continue to scroll down for detailed descriptions,
prices and order these fabulous hair care products.

"There is no such thing as bad hair; there is only poorly
treated hair."
Founder Patrick Ales
Security
Policy:
You can safely and securely order online with this site
as it
operates
on a secure server through Verisign.
|
Click here for detailed information
on our secure website.
 |
|
Phyto recommends that you wash your
hair twice with all shampoos.
The first shampoo serves to clean and cleanse the hair. The second
shampoo serves to hydrate and treat the hair. For best results, leave
the second shampoo in the hair for a few minutes prior to rinsing.
Keep scrolling down
the page to preview the descriptions and prices
of all
the Phyto botanical hair care products. Online ordering available
using
your Master Card or Visa.
|
Phyto
Keeps Ahead "Of The Times"
With Anti-aging Shampoo and Intelligent
Shampoo
(What
could make more sense?) |
Phyto
Densium Anti-Aging Shampoo
$24.00 (6.7 oz.)

|
Phyto
Progenium Intelligent Shampoo
$26.00 (6.7 oz.)

|
As
we age, hair often becomes weak and
fragile, requiring
special care.
Phyto Densium Shampoo prevents further
damage by injecting strength and vigor
into aging hair.
A powerful
combination of plant extracts protect
again
free
radical damage and fortifies
the hair shaft, while
reducing
the
appearance of gray hair.
Contains Progenium,
Birch and Horsetail Extracts,
Black
Current Seed Oil and a botanical protein
complex.
Rotate with any of your other Phyto
Shampoos.
Click to order Phyto Densium Shampoo
$24.00
|
An intelligent shampoo combining a scalp treatment
and shampoo, makes
Phyto Progenium quite
revolutionary!
This
scientifically advanced shampoo combines a
Scalp Treatment + Shampoo = Progenium Shampoo.
This once a week shampoo rebalances the scalp with Olive
Leaf Extract. Similar to Phyto Polleine this shampoo is
a
scalp
treatment, however, will also rebalance and clean
the hair. For all hair types and safe for color-treated hair.
Click To Order:
Phyto Progenium Shampoo $26.00
|


|
Color-treated
hair needing some help?
If
you color your hair, you are basically
dehydrating and damaging your hair.
Add the
blow dryer, the flat iron and the curling iron and
well...
your
color-treated hair needs some "tender loving
care".
|
For
color-treated hair
Use the Phyto Citrus Regimen
|
Phyto
Citrus to the rescue !
Phtyo Citrus Shampoo, Spray Mist
and Conditioner
and Masque will keep
color-treated hair looking
shiny and glossy. These items will prevent your
hair
from fading and looking dull.
Use 2 -
3 times post color to lock in
hair color
and then alternate
with your favorite shampoo
and conditioner thereafter.
Consider these products
as an investment in what you pay to
get your
hair colored. You will
definitely see a
difference.
|
Phyto Citrus Shampoo
For Color-Treated Hair
|
Phyto Citrus Vital Radiance Shampoo
(6.7 oz.) - $24.00
For Best Results:
Use 3 times after
hair coloring to
"lock in hair color"
and once a week thereafter to maintain the shine and
keep your hair color from fading. You can then alternate using this shampoo with any other Phyto
Shampoo in between hair
coloring appointments to maintain the
shine and brilliance of the color.
Excellent for all hair textures. Contains Grapefruit,
Chamomile and Sweet Almond Proteins.
Click To Order:
Phyto Citrus Shampoo
|
Phyto Citrus Vital
Radiance
Conditioner/Mask
(6.7 oz.) - $38.00
For Best Results:
Use the Phyto Citrus Vital
Radiance Conditioner
after using your Phyto Citrus Shampoo. Designed
for anyone with color-treated hair who is
looking to maintain perfect color. Excellent for all hair types. Contains Grapefruit, Chamomile and Sweet Almond Proteins. Can
be used as a conditioner or leave on
longer and use as a hair
mask.
For A Deep Conditioning
Treatment:
Apply the hair mask to clean hair and leave it in for
as
long as you
can. Rinse most out, leaving a bit in to act
as a detangler/conditioner. Your hair will be shiny and more
manageable as a result.
Click To Order:
Phyto Citrus Conditioner - $38.00
|
Phyto Mist Hydrating
Conditioner
(5.0 oz.) - $26.00
For anyone with color-treated
hair who is
looking
to maintain perfect color. A spray conditioner that
can be used after your shampoo or on dry hair
for additional hydration and
conditioning.
Contains Lotus Flower, Red Algae and Sunflower.
Great for fine and medium textured hair types.
Click To Order:
Phyto Mist Hydrating Conditioner $26.00
|
Lock
in Hair Color with
The Phyto
Huile D'Ales
Intensive Hydrating Oil Treatment
Contains 5 Ampoules

Tips from The
Experts at Phyto:
To lock in and maintain the integrity
of your hair
color, spray the Huile D'Ales throughout the hair the
day before coloring. Keep it in your hair for as long
as you can and later wash it out with The Phyto
Citrus Shampoo or other color shampoo you are using.
You
can intermittently use this throughout the month
to
keep your hair color looking "bright" and
"shiny" vs. dull, lifeless or faded. The box
includes 5 Ampoules that contain special botanical oils designed to
protect
pigments and give radiance to the hair.
|
Phyto Huile D'Ales
Hydrating Oil
Treatment Ampoules $28.00
The box of Huile
D'Ales contains 5 Ampoules.
Each Ampoule contain special botanical oils
designed to even out hair color, protect
pigments
and give radiance to the hair.
To Use: Break open the ampoule
(both ends) and
pour the contents into the spray pump. Spray throughout the hair
until all the oil is gone. The longer you leave it in,
the
better the results. This fabulous product is for all hair
types and can be used
in between hair appointments to
maintain the
brilliance of the hair color.
Click To Order:
Phyto Hydrating Oil Treatment
|
|
Phyto In The
Press !
|
Lucky Magazine
May 2007
Features Phyto Plage Protective Beach
Spray
Protect your hair from bleaching out
(remember when
you were a child and the sun bleached your
hair?) and
use the Phyto Plage Beach Spray. The Olive
Oil acts as
a hair masque, so you can deep treat your hair while
you're having fun in the sun. You can later shampoo
and
rinse out and your hair will feel healthy and shiny.
|
Phyto
Plage Protective Beach Spray $20.00
"Olive
Oil shields your hair from salt, sun
and
chlorine damage and leaves hair
incredibly shiny".
|
Phyto
Plague Beach Spray
"Must-have"
for shiny, healthy, summer hair !

Put this on your
"check list" for the summer.
Contains olive oil extracts to give maximum protection
from the sun. The UV Filter shields the sun from bleaching
and damaging your hair. Lily recommends this as a
"must have product" for the summer to protect the
hair
and hair color, as well as to use as a treatment
(olive oil is great for the hair). Spray on the hair pre-sun
and once you shampoo it out, you'll find that you've
given yourself a "deep treatment/hair masque" in the process.
|
Phyto
Plague Beach Spray
Featured in Vogue Magazine
May 2007
Click To Order:
Phyto Plague Protective Beach Spray $20.00 (3.3 oz.)
|
Click to read about all the products
designed for sun protection of
the hair:
[ Sun
Products ]
|
Phyto
Volume Shampoo $24.00

A volumizing
shampoo for hair lacking volume, strength
and bounce. From
the very first application, your hair will
have greater body and look visibly thicker and full of energy.
Follow with the Phyto Mousse and Phyto Volume
Actif Root Lifter Spray for even more volume and body.
Click To Order:
Phyto Volume Shampoo
|
Elle Magazine
April 2007
Features Phyto Volume Shampoo
"For fine
haired clients. It's gentle
and
weightless, even with everyday
use".
|
To read more and order products for fine
hair: [ Fine
Hair Products ]
|
W Magazine March 2007
Feature Phyto
Universe
|
Featured
in W Magazine March 2007
"I
set out on a
quest to visit New York's top
specialists and
the first stop was Phyto Universe in midtown
Manhattan
specializing in hair treatment and
analysis".
"Although my hair was dry, fine and
thin and my scalp
was dehydrated, the
condition of my ends was actually
good.
Antonio at Phyto gave me Phyto's Thirst
Quencher -
a lengthy treatment involving
a shampoo, scalp manipulation,
conditioning steam and a slew of
essential oils - and sent me
on my way
with Phyto's Nectar Shampoo, Essential Oils,
Hydrating cream and Styling Gel
with myrrh.
I
loved the scent of the products, even the essential oils
that left me smelling
like a Christmas tree."
|
See the
items featured in W Magazine...
Phyto
Nectar Shampoo, Phyto Nectar Nourishing
Oil Treatment,
Phyto 9 Hydrating Creme and Phyto Pro
Styling Gel.
Phyto Nectar
Ultra
Nourishing
Shampoo
|
Phyto Nectar
Ultra Nourishing Oil Treatment

|
Phyto 9 Daily
Ultra
Nourishing Cream
|
Phyto
Pro Styling Gel
with Myrrh

|
If you can't make it to Phyto Universe,
you can always shop on-line at Lily's
Apothecary.
And remember, there is no Sales Tax when
we ship out-of-state.
To
quickly access information on the dry/very
dry
hair products available, click on the
bookmark
below or keep
scrolling to read about all of
the
very cool hair products that Phyto
has to offer !!
For
Dry and Ultra Dry Hair
|
|
Featured
in March 2007 Lucky Magazine
Phyto Volume Actif Spray - Page 188
|
Phyto
Volume Actif Spray
"Hair Diaries"
"If I'm in a huge rush, I spray
this on, roll down the windows
in my car
and let my hair air-dry. How
California is that?"
Access
Hollywood Producer Ryan Patterson
Phyto Volume Actif Spray $28.00
|
To
quickly access information on the hair
products available for fine and/or
thinning hair,
click on the bookmark below or keep
scrolling
to read about all of the very cool hair products
that Phyto has to offer: [
For Fine Hair
]
|
|
Featured
in December 2006 In Style Magazine
Phyto
Volume Actif Spray - Page 443
|
Featured
in December 2006 In Style Magazine
Phyto Volume Actif Spray - Page 443

"I
want my hair to hold but not looked like
it
has been shellacked. Any
tips?"
"The
key to style that lasts but doesn't
resemble a helmet is
creating volume and shape without
loading up on product.
Eva Mendez's stylist recommends Phyto
Volume Actif
before blow-drying. Then roll up
sections in large hot or
Velcro rollers and spritz all over with
hairspray to set it".
Click To Order:
Phyto Volume Actif Spray $28.00
|
|
|
For Dry Hair
& Ultra Dry Hair
|
"Must-have
Item for repairing Summer Hair !
Phyto Nectar
Ultra Nourishing Oil Treatment

|
Fall
Hair Recipe To Repair Sun-Damaged Hair:
Phyto
Nectar Oil + Phyto Nectar Shampoo
(+ possibly Phyto 7 to condition the ends) =
Healthy, Shiny, Manageable Hair. |
Featured in Marie Claire
Magazine
February 2006 - Page
150
"Love Your Hair / How to be the Best Blonde
by using Phyto Nectar Oil."
|
Phyto Nectar
Ultra Nourishing Oil Treatment
(1.7 oz.) - $30.00
Designed as a pre-shampoo treatment
to nourish and
revitalize the hair, we suggest applying this
fortifying oil
treatment to dry hair 1 + hour
prior to bedtime. Wake up
and rinse out
with Nectar Shampoo and possibly add a
bit
of Phyto 7 or Phytojoba Conditioner.
Your hair will be healthy, shiny and more
manageable as a
result, even if you have thin
hair. The Oil and Shampoo are designed as
a once a week treatment to strengthen the
hair.
Rotate any other Phyto Shampoo's, Conditioners
and Hair
Masques accordingly. Great for color-treated hair
as it will strengthen and therefore thicken your hair with continued use.
Click To Order:
Phyto Nectar Ultra Nourishing Oil - $30.00 (1.7 oz.)
|
Phyto Nectar Ultra
Nourishing Shampoo
(For dry and/or damaged hair)
For damaged, chemically treated or very dry hair.
Ideal as a once a week hair treatment (with Phyto Nectar
Oil as mentioned above) or more often if you have thick,
dry, course or unmanageable hair.
Contains Orange Blossom, Soybean Amino
Acids,
Witch Hazel
and Wood Cellulose.
Click To Order:
Phyto Nectar Ultra Nourishing Shampoo
(6.7 oz.) $24.00
|
Phyto Nectar
Ultra
Nourishing Shampoo
$24.00
Great to alternate with the Phyto Citrus Shampoo
if you color
your hair and therefore it is somewhat damaged and
dry.
|
|
Phytojoba Shampoo

A daily usage hydrating shampoo for all hair types,
Excellent
for dry, chemically-processed or brittle hair.
Everyone loves
this gentle shampoo which smells amazing
and creates a great lather.
Contains
Jojoba Oil, Coconut Oil, Cornflower
and
Mallow Extracts. We suggest you use the Phyto Sesame
Conditioner and Phyto 7
Hydrating Creme as part of your
"hair care regimen".
Click To Order:
Phyto Joba Shampoo (6.7
oz.) - $24.00
|
Phyto
Sesame Hydrating Conditioner
The perfect
complement to the Phytojoba Shampoo.
An ideal and easy to use conditioner for
dry, dehydrated
or brittle hair.
Contains Sesame Oil
Cocoa Butter and
Hibiscus. This deeply hydrating and repairing
conditioner repairs the hair in minutes enables
you
to easily comb through wet hair. Can be used daily.
This conditioner is a rich, however not heavy blend of
Sesame, Cocoa Butter, Shea Butter and Castor
Plant Oils
that impart shine and boost strength. You'll love
the scent
and the texture of this light and
highly effective conditioner.
Click To Order:
Phyto Sesame Hydrating Conditioner
(5 oz.) - $28.00
|
|
Phyto 7 Daily Hydrating
Cream

Click To Order:
Phyto 7 Hydrating Cream
|
Phyto 7 Daily Hydrating
Cream
(1.7 oz.) - $26.00
A daily conditioner for all types of
hair, especially for
those who want to prevent
dryness. A unique plant-based formula consisting of 7 plant extracts selected for their
hydrating properties. Many use this conditioner only on
the
ends of their hair to make it more manageable for styling.
Ingredients include Calendula, Sage, Burdock, Willow,
Soybean, Rosemary and Althea. The creamy, non-greasy
formula works to enhance moisture levels. From the very first application, the
hair
appears visibly smooth, soft and
shiny. Can be used on wet or dry
hair.
|
Phyto 9 Daily Ultra
Nourishing Cream
A
daily leave in conditioner for dry and
very dry hair.
Contains 9 plant extracts, including a combination of oils
that have significant
nourishing properties. Native to Hawaii, Macadamia Oil provides intense nourishment without leaving
a greasy residue. Hair rapidly regains its original shine,
suppleness and softness. Can be used on wet or dry hair.
Click To Order:
Phyto 9 Ultra Nourishing Cream
(1.7 oz.) - $26.00
|
Phyto Karite Ultra Nourishing Conditioner
For the
shiniest, healthiest hair possible,
deep condition
your hair
with the Phyto Karite Conditioner,
which also
serves as a hair mask. Do a hair masque once a week
and see a big difference!

Phyto Karite
For Deep Conditioning The
Hair...
For the
shiniest, healthiest hair possible,
deep condition
your hair
with the Phyto Karite Conditioner once a week.
This masque also serves as a
conditioner. See a big
difference when you use a hair masque.
This masque
is good for dry or chemically-treated hair,
as well as
for hair
experiencing breakage. Can be
rotated with other Phyto Conditioners.
Click
To Order:
Phyto Karite Ultra Nourishing Conditioner
(6.7 oz.) - $38.00
|
|
Phyto Karite
Conditioner
Use daily as a conditioner or as a deep treatment mask. When used as a mask,
shampoo hair,
apply Phyto Karite and leave in for as long as you can and
rinse out the majority. Keep a little in,
to act as a conditioner so that you can comb through your hair. This conditioner is not silicone-based
and therefore
rinses out easily. Loaded with protein (which is what
the hair needs for good health),
this conditioner contains Shea Butter, Cashew Oil, Patel Oil, Vitamin B5 and
Hydrolyzed
Keratin. For Very Dry Hair, use in conjunction with the
Phyto Nectar Ultra Nourishing Shampoo.
|
Lucky
Magazine November 2006
Features The Phytojoba Conditioner/Masque
Page 173

|
Phytojoba Conditioner/Masque (6.7 oz.) - $38.00

|
Phytojoba Masque Featured
Lucky
Magazine November 2006 - Page 173
"Monogamy
is impossible"
"Monogomy
is impossible n the
beauty product category.
I have
been faithful - truly forever faithful -
to only one item: Phytojoba
shampoo.
I was still a civilian
(i.e., not a beauty editor) when I first
tried it. I've sampled practically
every
shampoo that's come across my desk
since, and none of it has every measured
up. No mater that the
Phytojoba is
for very dry, colored hair and my hair
is neither: If I use it, I have a
good-hair day,
and if I don't, I don't.
When, after all these years, a
conditioner suddenly materialized, I
lunged for it.
But lightning
rarely strikes twice, you know? I
was thrilled, but I was prepared for
disappointment.
Well. It
smells and feels like cream-pie filling,
and the tub it comes in is
adorable and
- praise be - plastic (I'm destined to
die in a hideous accident involving
the
slippery glass bottle). And the
good-hair day, believe it or not, is
even better".
Click to order: Phytojoba Masque
$38.00
|
Phytojoba Mask
contains
these ingredients:
Jojoba Oil:
Known
for its regenerative, emollient and protective
properties, jojoba oil
preserves
and hydrates the hair.
Angelica Extract:
Provides
soothing and strengthening properties
while adding shine and vitality to hair.
Sweet Orange Oil:
Toning,
purifying and revitalizing, the
essential oils of South
African Sweet Oranges provide
a soft and
fruity scent.
Guar
gum:
Instantly
detangles without weighing hair down.
|
|

| For
Frizzy or Permed Hair
|
Phyto Lisse Anti-frizz Smoothing
Serum
(1.0 oz.) - $30.00
For people experiencing frizz and fly-aways,
use
this fabulous serum post-blow dry and use
the
Phyto Defrisant Relaxing Balm pre-blow dry.
Will give your
hair shine and smoothness. Contains Althea Extract and
Vitamin B5. Apply to dry hair on a daily basis. Specially
designed to discipline
unwanted coils and rebellious
ringlets of
hair. Instantly restores a
smooth appearance
to hair with a
synergy of softening coating
agents.
Click To Order:
Phyto
Lisse Ultra Shine Smoothing
Serum
|
May 2006
In-Style Magazine
Best
Sexy Shiny Hair Product -
Page 359
"Best Beauty Tips"
"Enviable luster has always been the hallmark
of healthy, never-seen-a-chemical hair. Every head
of hair
can look glossy - even those that have endured highlighting,
flat-ironing and
other damaging processes.
We recommend Phytolisse Anti-frizz Smoothing Serum".
Althea Extract, a plant better
known as Mallow, together
with
Pro-Vitamin B5, moisture and
protect hair without
weighing
it
down. Suitable for straight hair to
give an
ultra-smooth finish. Apply
to dry hair.
|
Allure
Magazine October 2007
Features Phyto
Defrisant Hair Relaxing Balm
in the Hair Hall of Fame 6 years in a row!

"In 1969, French salon owner Patrick Ales invented this
hair straightener at the request of a French Beauty Editor
who wanted to tame her frizz at a time when straight hair
was popular. He came up with a non-oily cream with sage
and ferula extracts - two plants with a slightly acidic PH
that
causes the hair's cuticle (tiny shingles that cover and
protect
the shaft) to lie down and look smooth. 'When the cuticle
layer
is flat, hair looks shinier and it also blocks out water in
the
air that would otherwise penetrate the hair and cause
frizz."
|
Allure
Magazine October 2007
Click To Order:
Phyto Defrisant Relaxing Balm
|
Phyto Defrisant Relaxing
Balm $26.00
.
For anyone
who wants to straighten naturally curly hair, loosen a tight perm or control
frizz in high humidity.
Apply to wet hair and
blow dry. Contains Horseradish and Sage
to protect hair from heat and
Plant Muscilage
to make hair supple and hydrated. Ferula
coats and relaxes the hair. For best results, use with the Phyto Brush
Smoothing Shampoo.
Click To Order:
Phyto Defrisant Relaxing Balm
|
|
Phyto Brush
Smoothing
Shampoo (6.7 oz.) - $24.00
Originally
designed for those with permed or frizzy hair
who want to achieve smooth
results
from blow-drying.
As time went on, this shampoo became popular for
anyone who blow-drys
their hair and wants a smooth
finish. Can be used daily or alternated with any other
favorite Phyto Shampoo. Contains Wheat
Protein,
Acacia Honey and Vitamins.
|
Phyto Brush
Smoothing
Shampoo
(6.7 oz.) - $24.00

Click To Order:
Phyto Brush Smoothing Shampoo
|
|
For Lifeless Hair
|
Phyto Rum Shampoo (3.3 oz.) - $24.00
|
Featured in
Allure Magazine August 2007
Phyto Rum Shampoo (3.3 oz.) - $24.00
Phyto Rum is a fortifying shampoo
for stressed, porous,
brittle, dry or chemically processed hair. Rich egg yolk
fortifies
hair as rum stimulates the scalp. Used once or
twice a week, this shampoo will energize and vitalize hair
or lifeless hair. The scent is fantastic, similar to Eggnog
(yum, yum).
Intoxicate your hair and your senses with this nutritional cocktail containing Egg Yolk, Rum and Cornflower.
Click To Order:
Phyto Rum Shampoo
|
Allure
Magazine August 2007
Features
Phyto
Phytorhum Fortifying Shampoo
"Phyto Phytorhum Shampoo is a favorite
at New York City's Salon AKS".
Click To Order:
Phyto Rhum Shampoo
|
Phyto
Phytorhum Fortifying Shampoo
$24.00

Phyto Rum Shampoo is for stressed,
brittle, dull or lackluster
hair. A protein shake for lifeless hair. Contains Egg
Yolk,
Rum, Cornflower. Nourishes the hair with proteins,
lecithin, vitamins and minerals. Stimulates the scalp.
Protects and repairs, while it moisturizes and gives
hair lots of shine. Use once or twice a week and
rotate with your other Phyto Shampoo's.
|
|
|
| For
Fine, Thin and Limp Hair |
|
Phyto Volume Mousse Shampoo
(5.07 oz.) $24.00
A very cool foam
shampoo for anyone with fine and limp
hair looking for more volume, body, bounce and shine.
Especially
designed for color-treated hair that needs volume.
This foam shampoo
contains Mango Extract, Shea Butter,
Red Algae, Pro Vitamin B5 and Coconut Oil.
Click To Order:
Phyto Volume Mousse Shampoo
|
Phyto Volume Shampoo
(5.07 oz.) $24.00

A gentle shampoo for anyone with fine and limp hair that lacks volume, strength
and bounce.
Coats fine and limp hair adding fullness and
volume.
From the very first application, your hair will have
greater body and look
visibly thicker and
full of
energy. Follow with the Phyto Mousse and Phyto
Volume Actif Root Lifter Spray for even more
volume and body.
Click To Order:
Phyto Volume Shampoo
|
|
Phyto Baume Conditioner
(6.7 oz.) - $22.00
The lightest of all the Phyto
Conditioners. Works well
with
all the Phyto Volume Shampoo's. For all hair types,
especially
those with hair that tangles
easily or is
dry,
brittle and hard to style. Contains mallow extract and
keratin amino acids.
Click To Order:
Phyto Baume Conditioner
|
Phyto Baume Conditioner
(6.7 oz.) $22.00
|
Phyto Axil Energizing Shampoo
Alternate this highly effective shampoo with any of
your other favorite
Phyto Shampoo's for best results.
|
Phyto
Axil Engergizing Shampoo
(3.3 oz.) $22.00
For all hair types who want
fuller, more "energized" hair.
Phyto Axil Shampoo combines Grapeseed
Procyanidins,
Shiitake Extract,
Cananga Essential Oils and Serenoa Extract
to work together
to regenerate the
hair bulb. Revitalizes the
scalp, leaving a sensation of both comfort and freshness.
Click To Order:
Phyto Axil Energizing Shampoo
|
Cyane Revitalizing
Shampoo
Highly
recommended for temporary hair loss,
Phytocyane Shampoo fortifies the hair and provides
anti-aging action with ingredients Grapeseed | | | |